The Change of the US National Security Strategy

During the last fifteen years the National Security Strategy of the United States has undergone several changes. This includes the relationships with foreign governments in terms of economic cooperation, the struggle against terrorism, protection of the environment, eradication of poverty and other important problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of the US National Security Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, we need to discuss internal policies, pursued by the state. In this paper, we need to compare the policies of the Obama administration with those ones of Bill Clinton and George Bush. When the Bill Clinton came to power, he faced the task of developing new security policies in the post-Cold War world. The president immediately placed emphasis on international cooperation not only with Western democracies but also with China, Russia and India1. In addition to that, he tried to av oid the use of military force. He was an opponent of pre-emptive wars and military intervention into the affairs of foreign countries2. It should be borne in mind that the Clinton administration was often criticized for such lack of initiative, for instance, in connection with Rwanda genocide. Overall, the Clinton administration relied more on persuasion and negotiation, rather than coercion and militarized diplomacy. In turn, the Bush administration adopted a new form of National Security Strategy. To a large extent, it was shaped by 9/11 terrorists attacks. This new doctrine was based on preventive war and economic sanctions against those countries, which act against the US security interests. Furthermore, the Bush administration took a more conservative approach to relationships with Russia and other countries of former USSR. Finally, we need to say that the Bush Doctrine attached importance to intensified domestic security, namely we should mention the signing of the PATRIOT Act . This National Security Strategy evinced much criticism inside and outside the country. The Obama administration has rejected the approach taken by their predecessors. In her speech at the Brookings Institution the US Secretary of the State Hillary Clinton pointed out no country can cope with global challenges on its own3 and this premise must be the corner stone of the US Security Strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The President Obama believes that more intensive cooperation with China, Russia, and India is not only necessary but beneficial for the United States. This cooperation has to take place at different levels, for example, governmental, entrepreneurial, and educational. The new security strategy rejects the idea of militarized diplomacy. The use military force must the last resort. At the moment, we can speak about several institutional changes, entailed by the new p olicy. First, it sets stress on information-sharing among the intelligence agencies of various countries especially if these countries fight against global terrorism. The thing is that several years ago, intelligence services of various countries seldom cooperated with one another on an international level, even despite the fact that it could minimize many terrorist threats4. Another institutional change is the restructuring of NATO. In her speech, Hillary Clinton argues that NATO as an organization is far too bureaucratic and expensive and its structure has to be simplified. Overall, the new National Security Strategy implies that the United States should occupy a pivotal role in international politics. Yet, this role should be that one of a mediator rather than a commander. Reference List Clinton Hillary. 2010 â€Å"Secretary Clinton Addresses U.S. National Security Strategy  at the Brookings Institution†. Lowenthal, Mark. 2008 Intelligence From Secrets To Policy Fourth E dition. NY: CQ  Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Change of the US National Security Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Murdock, Clark. 2004 Improving the practice of national security strategy: a new  approach for the post-Cold War world. New York: CSIS. Sarkesian Sam, Williams John Cimbala Stephen. 2008 US national security:  policymakers, processes, and politics. NY: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Footnotes 1 Sarkesian Sam, Williams John Cimbala Stephen. US national security: policymakers, processes, and politics. P 68 2 Murdock, Clark. Improving the practice of national security strategy: a new approach for the post-Cold War world, p 61 3 Clinton Hillary. 2010 â€Å"Secretary Clinton Addresses U.S. National Security Strategy at the Brookings Institution†. 4 Lowenthal, Mark. 2008 Intelligence From Secrets To Policy Fourth Edition This essay on The Change of the US National Security Strategy was written and submitted by user Damarion U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Organ Trafficking Speech Essay Example

Organ Trafficking Speech Essay Example Organ Trafficking Speech Essay Organ Trafficking Speech Essay Good afternoon, my name is __________ and I’m here to talk to you about a massive problem. A massive problem which unfortunately we’re still letting this happen. While listening to this speech, you might think this is the typical speech anyone who really didn’t care about this matter, could give, but I believe this matter concerns everyone, and that I’ve got the enough reasons to convince you about that, to change your mind. Do you want to take part in changing this horrible matter into something far more pleasant? Do you want to stop this horrible, apalling and terrifying illegal business? You, the great United Nations, still live without knowing the other dangerous and critical part of organ trafficking? Hearts, lungs, kidneys, livers; the great demand for organs is starting to increase very rapidly. People need quick transplants, and this is what black market can offer. There are plenty of reasons why people have to sell their own organs. The principal reason that would come to your mind, is money. Yes, organ trafficking keeps on a great amount of money moving. Kidneys can vary from $25,000 to $60,000, and lungs and hearts can provide the people who sell them over $150,000. But when they do not follow through with their promises on payment, which happens often, they leave paid donors far less than they promised. This completely destroys these people’s lifes, leaving them not only without a kidney, but without an appropiate life condition. Not even half of the 7,000 people who require a simple organ transplant are attended. Do you think this is what people want? Wouldn’t you also trade for illegal organs? Changing this situation it’s just your decision, improve the organ donotation, make the difference! But there are many other reasons why people sell their organs. People who arrive illegally into a country, need as well as money, a new identity to stay into that country. They would exchange anything, including their organs, to keep away from judicial problems. But where does all this happen? China and India are among those countries where maximum illegal sale of human organs happen. This is mostly because these countries are the ones that have the less legal vigilance, this is precisely the reason that they are also the ones who need the most help, when changing this situation. There is one rule in China that if no one claims the dead body then the organs of the person can be used for transplantation purpose. Poor communities, and poor people, are the ones most affected by this problem. They are the ones who are sometimes manipulated to offer their organs to the rich people, that can easily buy them. They are the ones who have no other option than risking their lives for an amount of money, which is unfortunatedly not enough for all of their needs. These sugeries, take part in unsanitary unhealthy and unclean conditions, where an infection can easily be caught. But lets stop for a minute. You might think that their lives can improve a bit after taking part in this horrible risky market, but impossible as it seems, sometimes it gets even worse. Many residents unable to work with pain in their sides, fell back into debt as post-sugery costs absorbed their kidney profits-contrary to the promises of their brokers. And sometimes they don’t even ask the donor’s permission. The case of Mohammad Salim is one of the terrific cases related to organ trafficking. He was lied to, and then escorted into a dark, paint-chipped room with gunmen who gave him an injection. He fainted, and then woke up with a pain in his side. His kidney had been removed. There are thousands of cases like the one of Mohammad Salim, and sometimes these people find themselves in terrible situations such as death. I’m truly sure that these kind of things are not appealing to anyone, and especially they’re not appealing to you all. And I’m also sure you’re not going to let this happen, because you are part of the United Nations for some reason, mostly, for trying to resolve each problem that crosses your path. You are now the only people who can solve this problem, you are the only people who are going to solve this problem. What about tougher laws? People’s lifes in these countries are completely ruined, do you think they would also deal with bills, with jail? And what about sending doctors, who really know what they’re doing? They’re so many doctors in our country without any job, that a great percentage of them would do anything to get one. But in my opinion what would really stop this black dangerous and painful market, would be to set up a legal regulated market. Lets follow Iran’s example. They can tout the world’s only regulated transplant market and abundant organ supply, with the goverment offering donors $1,200 and free health unsurance. People wouldn’t feel scared of their actions, people would feel safe, safe and happy, as they haven’t felt for a really long period of time. They would also earn money, apart from life quality, you don’t want to take that from their lives do you? During their lives, they’ve just had problems, followed by even worse problems. Their time has come for their lives to change in a positive way. So what do I really want to achieve by giving this speech? Well, I need your help, they need your help. So act now! Don’t let this repeat one more time! Their safety it’s just in your hands.

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6

Employment Law - Essay Example But if however, there are no norms that could force Richard to work in an area, or department which he is not supposed to work in the normal course of his duties, the subsequent developments and his dismissal could perhaps be viewed as an unfair dismissal, depending upon what constitutes unfair dismissal in the context of this case and the contractual agreement between Richard and his employer Further it is seen that a dismissal could also be termed as an unfair one, â€Å"If your employer dismisses you for exercising or trying to exercise one of your statutory (legal) employment rights† which include, interalia â€Å"An employees  statutory employment rights include a right to a written statement of employment particulars.† (Employment: unfair dismissal, n.d.). Thus, it could be said that indiscipline arouse because Richard was asked to work in a department which was outside his job description.. In the event there is a contract of employment between Richard and his employer, it would specifically stipulate the kind of work that Richard would be expected to do, and dismissing him on ground that he refused to do work which he was not expected to do in the first place, could be viewed as a kind of unfair dismissal. The fact of indiscipline (walking out of the office) has been a natural consequence of Richard being asked to do work that was not really needed of him to perform, and he could hardly be held responsible for it. Another factor that is favourable for Richard is that he has been working for the last ten years or so, which speaks well of his long term employment track record. Further, under Section 98 (1) (a) of ERA 1996, it is necessary for the employers to exhibit the causes for their decision to dismiss the said employee, and again under Section 98 (4) (a), having complied with Section 98(a), the fact whether the decisions was reasonable or unreasonable depends â€Å" (a) on whether in the circumstances (including the size and administrative

A & P story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A & P story - Essay Example The literary term under analyse in this essay is â€Å"Sheep†. The author has used personification through its usage and has shown the distinction between followers and leaders. Thus, the â€Å"sheep† denotes a specific clan of people, who would rather stick to the prevailed norms, rules and under commandment of a leader. Their subordination is mainly due to their pecuniary constrains and also because of their social position in a society. Thus, the author has portrayed their presence mundane in a colloquial tone and through Sammy’s character he has evaluated their presence humdrum and their routine monotonous. Therefore, Sammy as a representative of youth has been depicted as an appreciator of distinction, rebel and change (Porter, p.1155). Hence, he looks at those â€Å"sheep† with abhor and abominate their trait of being a subordinate. Subsequently, he observes their apprehension towards revolution, their reluctance and fear for a change, which could ha voc their perfectly constructed so called peace. â€Å"Sheep pushing their carts down the aisle† (Bishop, p.228) Thus, â€Å"sheep† has been used to symbolize conformity without being rational at all. This sheepish trait instilled in the people made them dull, coward and subordinate of superior powers like money, authority and pre-set social norms. Hence, these dominating social authorities of 1960 era have developed and set their (Sheep) course of life and left them with little power of opinion on their own. Therefore, Queeni’s rebellion towards dress code in the A & P grocery store and Sammy’s rebellion towards instinctive relinquishment of his job are prime examples of uproar of revolution. Strokesie and Lengal have also been depicted as â€Å"sheep† like, who would think, act, dress and conduct like the rest of the sheep clan. However, they do lure for the different, but do not have the courage to appreciate, encourage or be optimistic about th e change. They prefer to stick to their sheep clan as it’s the known and safe path for them. On the other hand, Queenie (the leader) and her two friends; signified on being different, thus, they separated themselves from the others through their bathing suit style and did not shown a hint of embarrassment throughout their walk around the aisles. Updike has used Sammy’s view to portray the customers as sheep too (Kirszner & Stephen, p. 363, 2004). As they walked, flocked, acted, and contemplate in the same pattern like a sheep. They loathed the change and new flock (three girls), but couldn’t keep the awe stricken expressions out of their faces at all. The figurative â€Å"sheep† moved up and down the aisles, one behind the other in a similar patron hence, they liked the familiarity and opposed change in any form. Initially Sammy couldn’t help but be a hormone driven boy, who also praised the bare flesh of the three girls like other people in the st ore, but later in the story he realized his inclination and fascination towards these girls is due to their courage of taking a stand for their individuality. Hence, the author has laid great emphasis on individuality, which further buffs up the freedom to express this trait. Thus, one can clearly

High School Sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

High School Sports - Research Paper Example This assignment is actually aims at assembling an essay using appropriate resources, formats and tools and using sufficient supporting evidence to convey our message to our readers. According to the Longman Writer: rhetoric, reader and handbook (Judith Nadell, John Langan, Eliza Comodromos, 2005), the supporting evidence is at the heart of effective writing. Without it essays lack energy and fail to project the writer’s voice of perspective. In other words supporting evidence is like red bull, it gives the essay wings. Sports have become an integral part of high school. It is important as it adds to the physical development of the students. Participating in activities actually prepares them to be athletes in the near future if they so desire. However, as expected competitive Sports like any other widely discussed topic have positive and negative aspects. Sports boost school spirit among students and the thrill of having the support of the entire student body builds confidence for the athletes especially if they support their team through thick and thin. Also for students with low self-esteem, the best thing to do is to encourage them to take part in a sport. Therefore sports build self-esteem, not to mention it’s good physical activities. In addition, students who are involved in sports learn life-long skills that may be transferred into their chosen career path - skills such as team work, communication and time management skills. With benefits like that, it is hard to only pin-point the negatives. It is understandable that negativities will be associated with it. However, with the correct guidance of families and coaches, athletes will stay on the right track and not fall into the negativities associated with the sport. With reference to Bissinger’s article ‘Innocents Afield’, which spoke about high school sports, Bissinger addressed only the negative aspects associated with the topic. He criticized the millions

Mobile Phone Industry PESTEL and SWOT

Mobile Phone Industry PESTEL and SWOT 1. INTRODUCTION This report will critically analyse the external environment of the mobile phone operators industry with the application of appropriate strategy tools including PESTEL and Michael Porters five forces models. An immediate result of this would be the identification of opportunities and threats that may arise from change in environmental factors and assessment of the attractiveness of the industry respectively. The report will also analyse critically, the strategic capability of Vodafone, also applying appropriate strategy tools resulting in the identification of key strengths and weaknesses of the firm. The aim here will be to identify and discuss the core competences the firm possesses. To aid the analysis, the report will draw on information from various sources such as: The Vodafone case study on page 557 in the main textbook by Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, Exploring Strategy 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011. Other sources include Keynotes, Mintel and Magazines. 2. QUESTION ONE: PESTEL, KEY DRIVERS AND MICHAEL PORTERS 5 FORCES 2.1 PESTEL The PESTEL framework is used for the analysis and according to Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2011), â€Å"it provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies†. Discussed below are a few issues of PESTEL, please see appendix for other issues. (P)olitical/Legal factors Governments privatisation(through Ofcom) of the national telephone company, BT, compelling it to allow access to its network (via Openreach) for voice and broadband. This has helped to break down BTs monopoly thereby creating an opportunity for mobile operators to operate and at competitive rates.(case study p.558) (E)conomic factors The UK economy has still not fully recovered from the financial crisis of 2008, recovering even slower than other countries amidst huge government resuscitation efforts and even consumer spending is expected to decline by 0.6 per capita in 2011(the Telegraph, May 2011).This is a threat to the industry as, the slower the economic recovery, the slower the market growth for the mobile operators industry. Though the case study(p.558) says that personal disposal income growth as experienced between 2002 and 2007 was forecasted to resume in the future, recent developments suggest otherwise. Now the future is here, reports say household incomes are falling(NewStatesman, May  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­2011 and Mail Online, May 2011 ). This is a threat to the mobile industry as it means less income at the disposal of households, hence less subscribers to its services. (S)ocial factors Consumer need for converged services, such as mobile telephony, fixed line telephony, television and broadband internet, was increasing(case study p.558). This means an opportunity for mobile operators to expand their market as more people are coming on board with this convergence need which could be a result of the plunge in disposable income so people want all services in one and pay a lower lump sum for all in a bid to ration their income. A decline in UK fixed line telephone market as households were becoming â€Å"mobile-only† users. This is an opportunity for mobile operators to capture the market share of fixed line telephone operators in a bid to expand theirs. Consumer perceived prestige that comes with owning smartphones is an industry opportunity. For example, everyone wants to have an IPhone, HTC or Blackberry because they are ‘cool or for other reasons, so operators in the industry can capitalize on this and increase their market share by offering cheap deals. Consumer ‘hype for new and modern technologies as everyone wants to have the latest ‘thing in technology. This would create an opportunity for the industry to capitalize on and expand their market share. (T)echnological factors Development of new technologies, IP(Internet Protocol) for voice, data and video transmission(case study p.557). The dynamic nature of technology is posing a threat as operators may be stuck with obsolete technology thereby facing a challenge to be pro-active in order to retain market share and keep churn rates at bay. Continued upgrading of speeds over mobile networks poses a threat as operators have to keep up with the upgrading of speeds because they might loose customers to service providers who can offer better speeds. (E)nvironmental factors As a result of advancement in telecommunications technology, mobile operators have to replace network equipments and hazardous wastes(masts, cables, construction waste etc)frequently. Mobile operators are then faced with the challenge of finding energy efficient ways of recycling which may also be capital intensive, altogether posing a threat. (L)egal factors Ofcoms issuance of licences for additional mobile network operators will pose a threat to incumbent operators( as their market share is threatened) and be an opportunity to potential operators as this will lower entry barriers for them. Elaborate legal contracts can also be a threat to the industry as lots of legal obligations have to be satisfied prior to and after entry. Drawing up different phone contracts for different mobile packages can prove challenging for the operators. 2.2 KEY DRIVERS FOR CHANGE Socio-cultural issue: Consumer need for converged services: Consumer needs(which has led Virgin Media to provide multiple services such as the ‘quad play and others providing the triple play) change from time to time and even some firms will try to create the needs for the consumers thereby pushing the industry towards finding ways to satisfy these needs as the market expands. This is one of the major drivers of change for the industry. Technological issue: Development of new Technologies: The dynamic nature of technology will keep operators findings ways to stay ahead of competitors by developing new technologies such as the IP, digitising high-speed distribution of voice, data and video over multiple networks. 2.3 MICHAEL PORTERS 5 FORCES ANALYSIS a.Threat of entry: (low) The barrier of initial capital cost of entry may be daunting but the regulatory changes in the UK communications industry by Ofcom saw the issuance of licences to more mobile operators and also allowing MVNOs to lease network capacity without the capital cost of building their own hence reducing barriers to entry. This has also led to increase in the number of competitors. b. Threat of substitutes: (low/moderate) Considering the advantages of mobile connections (make calls, sending messages/data, music etc), substitutes would be the fixed line connections, skype(or VOIP) on broadband, radio airwaves, phone booths or simply go without. With the fixed line connections, Ofcom reported that the number of lines dropped from 34.9million in 2003 to 33million in 2009. Call minutes had also decreased by 15% from 167billion to 138billion over the same period with mobile minutes expected to exceed fixed line minutes in 2010(Case study p.558). A report on Broadband news also says that mobile broadband will overtake fixed line connections in 2011.(Broadband Choices 2009). It is likely that the trend will continue in this way, considering the convenience offered by mobile connections, of being able to make a call on the move. c. Competitive rivalry: (high) One of the aims of Ofcom is to ensure healthy competition among operators which saw a rapid growth in the number of competitors. The major competitors in the industry are Vodafone, Telefonica O2, Orange, 3 UK and Tmobile plus lots of MVNOs. According to the case study, wireless operator margins in the UK were up because of strong competition(p.559). d. Buyer power: (moderate) The main buyers from the industry are households(individuals) and businesses. According to case study(p.559), average churn(customer switching) rates in the market was 20% annually due to the introduction of number portability in 2007 and competitive tactics such as subsidising handsets for subscribers. Customers would switch operators for better offers or added value for their money. To counter this churn rate, most operators have found a way to switch post-paid customers to longer contracts of 18months or even 24months as at 2009. A recent 2011 report (Sim-only deals, 2011) highlights other reasons for low switching rates including providers loyalty programme and value for money SIM only deals which altogether gives them the power to make customers stay. e. Supplier power: (moderate) The main suppliers to the industry would be the handset makers and Ofcom. Major handset suppliers such as Nokia with 40% of UK handset market and Samsung,21%, supply handsets to the industry under global contracts(case study p.559). There are more suppliers today including Apple, which is another fast growing supplier as their phones are deemed trendy and a must-have because of its innovative features. Sony-Ericsson, Samsung are among the loads of others. The case study p.559 says mobile handset sales had experienced a decline in 2009 as UK wireless operators started to offer sim-only plans which allow consumers to retain their current handset and pay lower monthly tariffs. Ofcom on the other hand is the sole provider of spectrum. ATTRACTIVENESS: Based on the evidences from the five forces, the report concludes that the industry is attractive. This being that, though rivalry is high, but other threats and powers are low. Essentially incumbents or new operators can then focus only on competition and worry less about powers and other threats. 3 QUESTION TWO: STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES OF VODAFONE According to Johnson et al.(2011), Strategic capabilities are capabilities of an organization that contribute to its long-term survival or competitive advantage made up of two components: Resources, which are assets the company has or can call upon and Competenceswhich are ways in which those assets are used or deployed effectively. 3.1 RESOURCES AND COMPETENCES Human Resources Vodafone has had a history of experienced CEOs including Arun Sarin(resource), who was skilled in achieving growth in developing markets(competence/strength). Also, Gary Laurence(resource), head of Vodafone UK, appointed CEO in September 2008 was known for his ability to identify strategic options(competence/strength) and the current CEO, Vittorio Colao(resource) who succeeded Arun in 2008 is known for strong reputation as cost cutter.(competence/strength). (Case study page 563) Vodafones partnership with BT(resource) hosting BTs MVNO, allowed it to provide services to corporations.(competence/strength). It started a joint venture with O2(resources) which enabled it to extend its fixed-line network.(competence/strength). Vodafone, in its target of business travelers with passport services(resources), was able to offer home country voice rates while roaming in Europe and mobile data services for  £10 a day(competence/strength).(case study page 563) Financial Resources Financial Performance of Vodafone: (a) ROCE(Return on Capital Employed): measures the returns made from all forms of resources or capital employed in the business. Vodafones resources are the capital employed and its competence is shown in the amount of returns generated from utilization these capital. Vodafones ROCE plunged by 3.73% to give a ROCE in 2010 of 19.85. This may be slightly better than industry average but it shows a weakness to efficiently utilise resources to yield maximum profits. Vodafone 2010 2009 Industry ROCE 19.85 20.59 19.48 Source. Morning Star Stock Report. (b) Current ratio:   measures a companys efficiency at meeting its short term obligations. A good ratio would be for current liabilities to be covered at least once but Vodafones current assets(resources) can barely cover 50% of its liabilities in 2010 though it improved from previous year. On the whole, this is a weakness as the company is low on liquidity and incurring too much liabilities in terms of its short term borrowings. Vodafone Plc 2010 2009 Industry Current Ratio 0.50:1 0.47:1 Source: Morning Star Stock Report. (c) Net Gearing: shows the proportion of debt within a companys overall capital. The table below shows that Vodafones net gearing has declined from 40.67% in 2009 to 37.76% in 2010. Overall for the industry borrowing is about 40% of total capital. The reduction therefore for Vodafone is good as its means a reduction in finance costs too. Vodafone 2010 2009 Industry Net Gearing ratio 37.76% 40.67% 39.40% Source: Morning Star Stock Report. (d) Interest cover: explains Vodafones ability to service its debt. From the table below, it appears Vodafone makes enough profits to service it finance costs as it has been able to increase its interest cover to 7.51times in 2010 from 7.03times in 2009. This may not be a core competence but it is a strength for Vodafone. Vodafone 2010 2009 Interest cover 7.51 times 7.03 times Source: Morning Star Stock Report. Physical Resources Vodafone makes heavy investments in the marketing of its Product brands (competence/strength) which includes, landline solutions and mobile telephony, mobile broadband and secure employee remote access(resources), making them well known.(Vodafone website). It invests also in the marketing (competence/strength) of 3G dongles or cards(resources) for internet connection giving it the largest share of 3G subscribers. Vodafone used wholesale services to distribute its fixed voice and broadband (resources) but its prices were too high giving it only a few customers(weakness). Another of its products is the Vodafone-at-home(resources), with which it competed with fixed line providers by offering fixed line prices when customers call from within or near their home(competence/strength). Core Competences For the sake of this report, the core competences identified are Vodafones CEOs. They have been exceptional with what they bring to the table and how their expertise has been able to transform the company. Vodafone UK CEO, Gary Laurence has been formidable in terms of identifying strategic options available to the company such as successful alliances and joint venture with likes of BT and O2. Heavy investment in the marketing of its products giving it largest share of 3G subscribers is another core competence. 3.2 VODAFONE VALUE CHAIN Primary Activities Inbound logistics: Vodafone possesses its own network equipments, backbones and infrastructure to provide various communication services, and purchasing of handsets (Annual Reports 2010, p.21). Now, its in a network sharing agreement (sharing masts, sites and towers) with O2 covering the UK and 4 European countries,.(case study page 559, Guardian March 2009)., Another inbound logistic is the ownership of spectrum. Spectrum is of particular importance to the mobile phone and mobile broadband industry, which relies on it to carry information between customers handsets and mobile masts. Vodafone spectrum is 1800MHz. (Ofcom report, Feb 2011). Operations: All Vodafone operations are based on in-house infrastructure. Vodafones operations is dependent on its people, infrastructure and financial resources. Its logistics operations (which provides a variety of value-added services), evolves from a single, purpose built site in West Midlands.(Unipartlogistics.com) Out-bound logistics: Vodafone has consumer on-line purchasing systems in place that allow customers to purchase its services directly(Vodafone website). It also has its own billing system. Marketing and Sales: Vodafone has several own branded and other retail chains that it uses in distribution. According to the case   study(page 563), Vodafone invests a lot in marketing in all markets whilst promoting its brand and also sponsors Formula 1 and England cricket sports. Services: Its all encompassing website enables customer online ordering and feedback monitoring.(source).Vodafone has customer services helpline that offer after sales  services and it also offers services to MVNOs such as Lebara mobile, Asda mobile, Talk mobile(Carphone Warehouse) and BT mobile(http://ukmobilecoverage.co.uk/), Support Activities Infrastructure: Vodafones mode of expansion was the formation of a joint venture with O2(case study p.559) to manage its mobile network and share network covering 4 European countries and the UK. It also leases BTs fixed line services and hosts BTs MVNO.(case study p.562) Human Resource Management: Vodafone depends on its employees for the quality of its services to customers. It ensures an inclusive working environment and encourages innovation, ambition and pro-activeness. Vodafone encourages enthusiasm, talent and commitment in its employees in order to build and maintain its success and stay competitive.(Vodafone, Our people). Technology and Development: Vodafone owns internet portals which enables on-line ordering. Also, continuous RD helps the company to incubate and deliver innovation to the business. (Annual Report, 2010. p.20) Procurement: Vodafone, like other networks, purchases branded handsets from suppliers. Vodafone holds several training courses for its procurement team for efficient management of supplier performance. CONCLUSION SWOT MATRIX STRENGTHS 1. Experienced CEOs(UK CEO, Gary Laurence). 2. Partnership with BT and O2. 3.Offering home country voice rates abroad. 4.Heavy investment in marketing. 5.Vodafone at home 6. Good Interest Cover 7. Reduced borrowing WEAKNESSES 1.Low level of liquidity 2.Inability to increase ROCE 3.High prices and inefficient channel of distribution for fixed voice and broadband. OPPORTUNITIES 1. Governments privatization of Ofcom. 2. Consumer need for converged services. 3. Decline in Fixed line telephone market 4. 2012 Olympics 5. Consumer demand for smart phones 6. Consumer hype for modern technology 7. Ofcom issuance of entry license THREATS 1.Slow economic recovery from recession 2.Decline in disposable income 3.Immigration cap 4.Health issues in areas of mobile masts. 5.Customer switching rates. 6.Development of new technologies 7.Capital intensive recycling 8.Ofcoms issuance of entry license 9.Elaborate legal contarcts From all facts assessed in the report and also information from the case study and Vodafone accounts, it is indeed evident that Vodafone is struggling to develop a total communications strategy to enable it to secure leadership   in the rapidly growing market for high speed internet services in its UK home market due to the fact that it actually cannot improve its core activities in order to gain competitive advantage.

Technology taking over Parenting Essay -- essays research papers

Technology in the world today is becoming more advanced than ever. Parenting is being made easier and harder for some families because of the new technology. Some families do not have the money for the new additions to the technological world and other families have everything they have ever imagined. Amitai Etzioni is a professor at George Washington University. He has written nineteen books including the article â€Å"High-Tech Parenting.† It appeared in The American Enterprise in January of 1998. Etzioni writes on how a relationship between parent and child is becoming nothing more than a virtual relationship. Time usually spent together at home over a homemade dinner is now time spent on the cell phone. I feel that the technology world is coming up with many new features for the parents to make it easier for them. Parents are being given the advantage of blankets to put their children to sleep instead of them having to do it themselves. The parenting world is getting easier. Too busy parents count on beepers and cell phones to keep their children in reach. Instead of the kids counting on the random talks on the way to the movies, mall, or during a long walk on the beach, they now count on a ring or an upbeat tune to let them know its time to talk. This â€Å"beep-and-ring relation† is what is becoming of the families today. This information is very true and Etzioni makes a good point. These parents do not have time for their kids and they use electronics and other devices to talk to them. All families have different morals and the way they teach their kids to do certain things. Etzioni implies there is only one way to do that, cell phones. The readers are most likely to agree with this statement which then leads them to believe eve... ...er families will not punish their kids, no matter what the circumstance is. They were never taught to punish so their kids are that way too. This is when the kids delay turning off the TV or doing their homework until the last minute. In Conclusion, Etzioni is talking only to the business people of the world and not the everyday mom with four kids in the van. He does not take note that all families are different and that not all families have the same morals. He is one sided and exaggerates on the situation. He may not have grown up in a family where mom or dad was at home and his childhood is what he thinks everyone’s is like. Cell phones conversations are replacing the traditional one on one time with daughter and mother, son and father, etc. Etzioni’s article has very good points made in it. It also has points that could be changed to fit the average lifestyle.

A Critical Analysis of the Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which contained all of the ideas and assumptions by Marx. The Communist Manifesto was able to inspire a number of philosophers and theorists.And as it was published at the height of the political turmoil in Europe, it also served as an engine for many revolutions that took place within the past century. Hence, following the publication of the Communist Manifesto, it inspired a number of revolutions to overturn the rise of Capitalism, particularly in Russia and China (â€Å"The Communist Manifesto,† n.p).The writings by Marx and Engels which composed the main tenets in the Communist Manifesto influenced revolutions not by just mere agitation through writing; rather they fueled revolutionary groups by confronting the capitalist forces through the forces of the proletariats. They discovered the special role of the proletariats, who they believed were capable of overthrowing the capitalist class (â€Å"The Comm unist Manifesto,† n.p).The Communist Manifesto is centered on the idea of class struggle and continuing antagonisms in the society. This according to the Manifesto, class struggle revolves between the bourgeoisie and the proletarians – the oppressor and the oppressed; the few and many. Hence, the Manifesto predicts the probable ways of eliminating oppression by abolishing the basic factors that instigate oppression – example: private property – which shall eventually lead towards overthrowing the bourgeosie (â€Å"The Communist Manifesto,† n.p).In accordance with this pursuit, Marx drafted the Communist Manifesto guided by Historical Dialectical Materialism in order to point out the problems that had been consuming the society. Using this guide, he predicted the changes that could happen in the society as the mode of production changes gradually.And these changes shall become the engine for a revolutionary overthrow of the current dominating class. And as capitalism will reach its peak, it will become saturated and will eventually meet its demise under the leadership of the proletariats.The Pursuit of a Stateless SocietyConsequently, Marx noted predictions on several factors that will help build a stateless society. This includes: (1) enforcement of progressive taxation. (2) abolition of inheritance, (3) equalization of wages and (4) the communal appropriation of lands. With these things in mind, Marx pictured a stateless society wherein antagonisms among classes can be eliminated.However, there are various sides that are to be looked upon if the society should be changed. There are specific levels wherein a country should cope with in order to effectively carry out these kinds of changes which can prove to be beneficial for the citizens.Different countries may react on certain circumstances if things are to be imposed on them. And there should be clarity of the possible outcomes that it may bring. In particular, communist cou ntries had deteriorated and has broken down in the last decades.None of the communist countries have sustained its staying power, in particular, China and Russia. And for the case of Cuba, their existence in the communist realm has served as an example to no one.For the Communists, especially for Marx, a stateless society meant the establishment of a classless society and rendering common ownership of all the means of productions. It also entails equitable distribution of income among the citizens. However, it requires a number of processes and cycles that are to be undertaken in order to achieve it. Consequently, the factors mentioned above are the firsts on the list in attaining a classless society.As such, though these factors that Marx mentioned in the Manifesto may contribute greatly towards the attainment of a stateless society, they may have negative implications in the society.There are still downsides that are attributable with these steps that may have direct effect in the growth and development of the society, and also lies the possibility that it may serve detrimental outcomes for them. Thus, these policies should be analyzed to assess their reasonability and soundness if they can be beneficial to the people in general.Thesis and ArgumentThe purpose of this paper would be to carefully analyze the contents of the Manifesto, in particular, the four measures that Marx proposed towards attaining a stateless society. Thus, the thesis of this paper is to prove that there are adversaries that may be caused if those measures will be employed. And that the reasonability of each measure depends on the possible outcomes that may be derived from it.Hence, the arguments revolve on three parallel ideas: (1) these measures if employed, though may speed up the process of attaining a stateless society, may also impede social, political and economic growth; (2) ironically, though a stateless society aims towards eliminating class antagonisms, these four measures men tioned.Considerably increases the gap between the proletariats and the bourgeosie by the intentional disregard of the bourgeosie class; and (3) given the altruistic desire from the Manifesto to eradicate poverty, the ideals presented through these measures were really idealistic and utopian, hence may render these inappropriate and not feasible for most of the countries.Progressive TaxationProgressive taxation is one of the twelve measures that Communism intended to enforce. Progressive taxation is a system wherein tax rates are imposed based on the economic status and well-being of the person to be taxed. The tax rates are identified according to the ability of an individual to pay. In essence, if a person earns big, then he will be subjected to higher tax rates; the same way that a person who earns little will be taxed according to his capacity to pay (Lakoff and Budner, n.p).For the advocates of Communism, progresive taxation can provide redistribution of capital, which they beli eve can further hasten the process of eliminating class struggle. Through this, it is believed that redistributing the tax burden towards the people who can afford to pay can stabilize the flow of capital, and the economy in return. In addition, progresive taxation also serves as a monitoring device to limit acquisition of private property.Furthermore, progresive taxation eases the burden for those who cannot pay enabling them to allot a larger portion of their income for their family's basic needs. Thus, progressive taxation for the Communists render individuals to have a more equitable outcome so that they can make the most out of the fruits of their labor (â€Å"Capitalism, Socialism & Communism,† n.p).Although there are certain benefits that are attainable through progressive taxation, likewise there are downsides of it. There are individuals who consider this kind of tax policy as discriminatory and inefficient.Progressive taxation is discriminatory in such away that the people who work harder gets more compelled on paying higher taxes; while those who do not work and strive enough are being subjected to receive government subsidies and privileges.In addition, it caters inefficiency in the way taxes are being imposed on individuals, while tolerating income misappropriation bundled by the State's   deliberate interference which is then translated in the citizen's fear of crossing the edges between democracy and dictatorship. (â€Å"Few Words on the Nature of Taxation.† n.p).Thus, as progressive taxation can indeed eliminate class struggle and enhance the ability to create a stateless society through equitable sharing of tax obligations, it also harnesses the biased nature of the Communist government in their inclination towards the poor.   Though it is rational and reasonable to impose taxes on individuals who have higher capacity to pay, certain considerations are also ought to be given.

Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles

When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, peace talks went on for months due to the Allied leaders wanting to punish the enemy and â€Å"dividing the spoils of war.† A formal agreement to end the war was made and called the Treaty of Versailles. The issue that took the most time were the territorial issues because the empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman, and Germany had collapsed. These fallen empires had to be divided up and America’s President Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and David Lloyd George of Great Britain, were the main deciders of this deal. During 1918, Russia was knocked out of the war due to military defeats and the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though Russia had not been part of the Central Powers, Germany seized much of western Russia. After many months of arguing, the four men had made western Russia into the nations of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans. In April of 1919, Germany was previously captured and made to wait in a small house that was surrounded with barbed wire. The Allied, who captured Germany, wanted to make a peace treaty to end the fighting. The Germans agreed, but they wanted a treaty that was based on the Fourteen Points but obviously they were not going to get it because of the way they were treated; the barbed wire was unnecessary and â€Å"should have tipped them off to what lay ahead.† When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay outrageous reparations to the Allies. Nevertheless, on June 28, 1919, the Germans reluctantly signed the treaty because the Allies refused to change one word. Out of the $33 billio... Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, peace talks went on for months due to the Allied leaders wanting to punish the enemy and â€Å"dividing the spoils of war.† A formal agreement to end the war was made and called the Treaty of Versailles. The issue that took the most time were the territorial issues because the empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman, and Germany had collapsed. These fallen empires had to be divided up and America’s President Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and David Lloyd George of Great Britain, were the main deciders of this deal. During 1918, Russia was knocked out of the war due to military defeats and the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though Russia had not been part of the Central Powers, Germany seized much of western Russia. After many months of arguing, the four men had made western Russia into the nations of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans. In April of 1919, Germany was previously captured and made to wait in a small house that was surrounded with barbed wire. The Allied, who captured Germany, wanted to make a peace treaty to end the fighting. The Germans agreed, but they wanted a treaty that was based on the Fourteen Points but obviously they were not going to get it because of the way they were treated; the barbed wire was unnecessary and â€Å"should have tipped them off to what lay ahead.† When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay outrageous reparations to the Allies. Nevertheless, on June 28, 1919, the Germans reluctantly signed the treaty because the Allies refused to change one word. Out of the $33 billio...

Adaptability to Cultural Change Essay Example

Adaptability to Cultural Change Essay Example Adaptability to Cultural Change Paper Adaptability to Cultural Change Paper Adaptability to cultural change plays a crucial role in the selection of expatriates. This paper provides an overview of the impact of cultural environment on expatriates, how expatriates suffer from cultural distance, which results in cultural shock, the inability to adapt to new environment. It then further discusses the coping strategies characterized by socio-cultural and psychological adjustments and characteristics candidates should possess for foreign assignments, and finally some important criteria are given for the determination of candidates. Influence of cultural environment on expatriates  The selection of an expatriate manager for a global assignment could be strongly influenced by the type of cultural environment to which the individual will be assigned (Harvey, 1996). Harvey Novicevic (2001) state that the cultural distance between the home and host countries needs to be assessed in the expatriate selection process because it affects the nature of the expatriate task. They note that it is significantly more difficult for expatriates to contribute to the expertise of foreign operations if the cultures of the two countries are too dissimilar. As noted by Gomez-Mejita and Palich (1997), cultural distance is measured as a composite index of Hofstedes cultural dimensions. Cultural distance affects an expatriates understanding of decision-making processes, work values, negotiation patterns, wholly owned subsidiaries, and fairness in reciprocity (1997). Also, Kashlak (1999) indicates that the degree of cultural distance will influence performance ambiguity and task definition. As a result, an expatriates task programmability and performance measurability will be inversely related to the cultural distance (Harvey Novicevic, 2001). Stone (2002) finds that most expatriates living overseas experience culture shock as the result of stress overload. Culture shock, according to Harzing Ruysseveldt (1995, p126), is a multifaceted experience resulting from numerous stressors occurring in contact with a different culture. Research (cited in Hodgetts Luthans, 2003) shows that many managers are exhilarated at the beginning of their overseas assignment. It indicates many of the most effective international managers encounter frustration and feel confused in their new environment, which may results in the improper implementing of company strategies. Adapting to a new environment  Mendenhall Oddou (1994) discover that the top two reasons of expatriate failure in U.S. multinationals, which are the managers inability to cope with a different physical or cultural environment, and inability of the managers spouse to adjust to a different physical or cultural environment. Stones study also found that both managers and expatriate managers perceive the essential selection as being the expatriates ability to adapt and adaptability of the spouse and family (Stone, 2002). Caligiuri (cited in Hodgetts Luthans, 2003), after examining how nationals help expatriates adjust, has reported that certain types of personality characteristics are important in this process. In particular, her findings suggest that greater contact with host national helps with cross-cultural adjustment when the person also possesses the personality trait of openness; she also found that sociability was directly related to effective adjustment (Hodgetts Luthans, 2003). In research recently conducted among expatriates in China, Selmar (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) found that those who were best able to deal with their new situation had developed coping strategies characterized by socio-cultural and psychological adjustments including: feeling comfortable that their work challenges can be met, being able to adjust to their new living conditions, learning how to interact well with host-country nationals outside of work, and feeling reasonably happy and being able to enjoy ones day-to-day activities. Guodu Michael Tucker (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) of Tucker international has studied expatiate assignments since 1973. His research with thousands of expatriates identifies six basic characteristics that distinguish those who adapt well to a new society. They are acceptance, knowledge, positive emotions, lifestyle, interaction, and communication. Michael (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) states that the task facing managers who select expatriates is to find people who will exhibit these six characteristics. With these characters, she notes, expatriates can successfully decrease their tress lever, understand behavior of foreigners, and effectively interact with others. Selection criteria  Since expatriates confront many new challenges both in the workplace and the foreign society, expatriate selection is much more difficult than the selection of personnel for a position in the home country (Raymond J. Stone, 2002). Hodgetts Luthans (2003) state that overseas managers need a degree of cultural toughness. Organizations examine a number of characteristics in determining whether an individual is sufficiently adaptable. Examples include work experiences with culture other than ones own, previous overseas travel, knowledge of foreign languages (fluency generally is not necessary), and recent immigration background or heritage. Others include: The ability to integrate with difference people, cultures, and types of business organizations; The ability to sense developments in the host country and accurately evaluate them; The ability to solve problems within different frameworks and from different perspectives; Sensitivity to the fine print of differences of culture, politics, religion, and ethics; And flexibility in managing operations on a continuous basis despite lack of assistance and gaps in information. These criteria, explained by Hodgetts Luthans (2003) are essential in the process of international HR selection. They note that organizations may be aware of the importance of such factors, but give them little weight in the actual selection process. However, people with those abilities are most likely to succeed in the foreign assignment. To accomplish the task, Tucker (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) developed an assessment instrument called the Oversea Assignment Inventory (OAI), a tool that identifies and measures 14 predictors of success on a foreign assignment. Part of the predictors include expectations, open-mindedness, respect for other beliefs, social adaptability, spouse communication, interpersonal interest, Sense of Humor. According to Tuckers research, different country has different preference for the OAI criteria. For example, candidates considered for assignment to Malaysia are required to have high degree in the area of respecting for others, spouse communication, and sense of humor. On the other hand, assignments in Saudi Arabia highlight the characteristics of Open-mindedness, and tolerance (Schell Solomon, 1997). Conclusion Culture environment could strongly influence expatriate manager for global assignment. Researches show that one of the top reasons for failure of international managers is their inability to adapt to a new environment. Many of them, including the most effective international mangers, suffer from culture shock because of the culture distance among countries. Some personality characteristics and coping strategies are found to be critical for expatriates to conquer cultural barriers, such as open-mindedness, acceptance, etc. Based on these researches, various criteria are provided in the paper for international human resource selection. References: Gomez-Mejita, L. and Palich, L. (1997), Cultural diversity and the performance of multinational firms, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 309-35. Hamilton, R.D. and Kashlak, R.J. (1999), National influences on multinational corporation control system selection, Management International Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 167-89. Harvey, M. (1996), The selection of managers for foreign assignments: a planning perspective, The Columbia Journal of World Business, Winter, pp. 102-18.

SUNDAY communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SUNDAY communication - Essay Example Before going to the main discussion the study will define the background and business context of the problems faced by to SUNDAY Communications Ltd in recent times in order to provide logical background of this consultancy proposal. Background Information & Literature Review Choi, Lee and Wong (2001) presented the case study named as â€Å"Sunday communications ltd: A marketing strategy for the wireless future† in order to highlight existing challenges faced by the telecommunication company and challenges regarding future plan of the company. In such context, consideration of the research works of Langlois (2003) reveals the fact that it is very difficult to establish identifiable position in a small market place which is pretty much saturated due to presence of competitors. Same is the condition for Sunday communications ltd which was founded in the year 1994 when the Hong Kong telecom market was already dominated by large telecom players like PCCW-HKT, SmarTone Telecommunica tion Holdings Ltd, Hutchison Telecom (HK) Ltd, New World Telephone and Peoples Phone. There is no doubt that Sunday communications ltd was new entrant and none of existing competitors was ready to give free space to the new entrant. . Garbarino and Strahilevitz (2004) and Harris, Jenkins and Glaser (2006) stated that new entrants need to adopt product differentiation strategy in order to establish distinctive brand image in the mind of customers of a small saturated market. Kotler (2000) pointed out that marketers should increase engagement level of customers while offering low engagement products because customers do no spend much time in making purchase decision for low involvement products like telecom network connections, FMCG goods. Therefore, Sunday communications ltd had two challenges, 1- to establish distinctive brand positioning in the mind of customers of Hong Kong and 2- to compete with existing telecom players in the market with the help of product diversification. Comp etitive pressure on Sunday communications ltd has further increased after Office of the Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) launched Mobile Number Portability (MNP) during 1999. After launching MNP, existing six telecom operators in Hong Kong started competing on price because in newly launched system, subscribers can switch to other network provider without altering the mobile number. Competitors like PCCW-HKT, SmarTone Telecommunication Holdings Ltd, Hutchison Telecom (HK) Ltd, New World Telephone and Peoples Phone not only stopped in reducing the subscription price to attract customers but they even started offering handsets at minimal price to customers. There is story behind the brand name â€Å"Sunday† which was created by the company in order to portray relaxed and easygoing attitude. Another thing is that the company had the plan to launch the brand internationally therefore they thought that using a universal name would help global customers to connect easily (Choi, Lee and Wong, 2001). Sunday communications ltd used product diversification strategy in order to establish distinctive market positioning. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) service (through mobile Intelligent Network) was speciality of the company while Sunday communications ltd also started offering services like Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), IDD, ISP & portal etc to customers. The company also used aggressive pricing strategy like 24-hour flat subscription rate in order to win the completion. Even, Sunday communications ltd launched SO WAP and ISP (narrow-band dial-up service) which gave users opportunity to access

Tourism and Hospitality Businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Tourism and Hospitality Businesses - Essay Example In this regard, an effective brand positioning strategy will be formulated for the company through identifying the current scenario of the industry in the respective industry in this study. Furthermore, the report will also incorporate the roles of different stakeholder groups along with the significance of marketing audit process in Thomas Cook. 2.0. Analysing the Fundamental Structure and Goals of Thomas Cook Group Plc Thomas Cook Group Plc (TCG) is recognised as one of the renowned and most successful brands in the global tourism and hospitality industry. The organisation has been performing with a consistent growth marketing its wide range of exceptional tourism and hospitality facilities to the global clients. In relation to the business structure and strategic goals of the company, it is widely accepted that the organisation highly seeks to develop its growth through complying with its fundamental guiding principles (Thomas Cook Group Plc, 2013). The fundamental structure of TC G has been thus considerably focused on empowering customer experiences through its exceptional leisure travel facilities and practices. In this context, the business structure of the company can be regarded as one of the major and crucial parts which ensure to accomplish its desired business goals in the global tourism and hospitality industry. The business structure of TCG also tends to comply with numerous groups and individuals who are highly committed to abide by the strategic direction of the company deciphering extensive stakeholder engagement (Thomas Cook Group Plc, 2010). Fig: Board Composition structure of TCG Plc. Source: (Thomas Cook Group Plc, 2009) The major divisions in the organisational... This essay approves that the Human Resource Management division of TCG can also be regarded as one of primary contributors which have empowered the organisation to meet its ultimate financial and operational goals. In this regard, the HRM division of the company tends to follow well-structured and specific as well as transparent principles which are likely to improve the performance of the employees and ensure to increase the ultimate productivity of the organisation. Moreover, the HRM department of the organisation comprises adequate measure throughout the organisational structure that enables the employees to continuously reinforce their capabilities. This report makes a conclusion that TCG has been recognised as one of the major dominant and reliable tourism and hospitality organisations which intend to reinforce its performance through developing its business structure and its predetermined business goals in accordance with the external market changes. The business structure of the organisation is highly authenticated in accordance with its stipulated business objectives and goals which further indicate long term sustainability of TCG in the fiercely growing tourism and hospitality industry. In this regard, adequate significant of TCG towards the analysis and compliance of the organisational policies with the current industrial circumstances can provide adequate support to TCG in terms of increasing its efficiency of delivering exceptional tourism and hospitality packages to the global clients. In this context, the company should highly emphasise on preserving effective balance between the internal and external groups of stakeho lders.